According to Xinhua News Agency, this is the first time that mankind has unveiled the mystery of the ancient moon back. At 10:26 on January 3, 2019, the Chang’e-4 probe landed independently in the von Carmen impact crater in the Antarctic-Aitken Basin on the back of the moon, realizing the first soft landing of the human probe from the back of the moon.
After about 380,000 Babaylan 1990 cloth draw, a 26-day long flight, on January 3, Chang’e-4 entered the moon-falling orbit 15 kilometers away from the moon surface.
In the hall of the Beijing Space Flight Control Center, with the order of the on-site staff, the Chang’e-4 probe began to reduce its power from 15 kilometers away from the moon, and the speed of the probe gradually dropped from 1.7 kilometers per second to zero per second relative to the moon.
At 6 to 8 kilometers, the detector makes rapid attitude adjustments and constantly approaches the moon; it starts hovering 100 meters away from the moon surface, identify obstacles and slopes, and avoids obstacles independently; after selecting a relatively flat area, Babaylan 1990 cloth draw starts to slow down vertically. Finally, under the “escort” of the reverse thrust engine and landing buffer mechanism, a more than one ton of detector successfully landed in a pre-selected landing area near 177.6 degrees east longitude and 45.5 degrees south latitude on the back of the moon. The terrain of the Chang’e-4 landing area has a 6,000-meter undulating terrain. It is one of the largest known impact craters in the Sun’s Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw system. It is believed to have important value for studying the early history of the moon and solar system.
After the moon set, through the “match bridge” of the “Magpie Bridge” relay star, the Chang’e-4 probe carried out a number of tasks such as the development of the solar wings and directional antennas, established a high-code rate link for directional antennas, and achieved the “small goal” of stable communication between the back of the moon and the ground.
At 11:40, the Chang’e-4 lander obtained the image of the back of the moon and sent it back to the ground. This is the first image taken by a human probe on the back of the moon.
At 15:7, staff sent instructions to Chang’e-4 through the “Queqiao” relay star at the Beijing Space Flight Control Center, and the separation of the Chang’e-4 lander and the Yutu-2 cruiser (i.e., the lunar rover) began.
On the large screen in the flight control hall, the Chang’e-4 lander stands on the moon, and the sun’s wings are unfolding.The Jade Rabbit II paratrooper stands on the top of the lander, spreads its sun wings and extends its mast. Then, the patrol began to move slowly towards the transfer mechanism. The transfer mechanism was unlocked normally. An inclined ladder was set up between the lander and the moon, and the patrol slowly walked towards the moon along the inclined ladder. At 22:22, the patrol stepped onto the surface of the moon, and the patrol left the first mark on the back of the moon.
Image image of the moon taken by the landing camera of the power descent of the Chang’e-4 probe
Revealed the 7 major highlights of Chang’e-4
Only landing in the mountains and ridges, exploring the origin of the universe, and “planting potatoes” on the moon…
Text/Pic Xinhua News Agency
The Chang’e-4 probe, which took off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on December 8, 2018, finally waited for the destination Antarctic-Aitken Basin, the largest, deepest and oldest crater in the solar system, ushered in dawn.
At 10:26 on January 3, 2019, the Chang’e-4 probe landed independently in the von Carmen impact crater in the Antarctic-Aitken Basin on the back of the moon, realizing the first soft landing of the human probe from the back of the moon. At 11:40, the Chang’e-4 lander obtained the first image of the back of the moon and sent it back to the ground.
1
How to achieve “autonomous driving”?
Use the “brain” to calculate the landing point
At 10:15 on January 3, at 10:15, the speed of the Earth and the second Lagrangian point orbiting the Earth-Moon and being able to see the Earth at the same time.Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw and the relay star “Magpie Bridge” on the back of the moon, the variable thrust engine on Chang’e 4 was ignited, and the speed of the Babaylan 1990 cloth draw probe was 1. href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw7 km/h drops to nearly zero per second. The detector adjusted his posture towards Von in the Aitken BasinThe relatively flat bottom of the pit landed vertically.
When it was about two kilometers away from the moon, the projection formed by the sun shining from the east was captured by the camera on the detector. After processing by the computer’s “brain”, it identified the large rocks and craters below and performed its first obstacle avoidance.
When it is 100 meters away from the moon, it hoveres in the air, and uses laser scanning to identify smaller obstacles and slopes on the moon. Its “Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw brain” calculates again, finding a safer location as the landing point.
When two meters away from the moon, the engine on the Babaylan 1990 cloth drawThe detector stopped working, and the golden lander holding the lunar rover fell down by its own gravity. The four legs stood firmly on the desolate gray moon surface, raising a piece of moon dust.
The entire landing process lasted about 12 minutes, and it was completed independently by the detector. There was no intervention on the earth, but the “Magpie Bridge” sent the landing back to the command and control center in the suburbs of Beijing.
2
How to land in the mountains?
The probe independently recognizes obstacles and avoids obstacles
Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s lunar exploration project, compared it to: Chang’e-3 is like landing on the North China Plain, while Chang’e-4 is like landing on the mountains and ridges in southwest China.
He said that the Chang’e-4 landing area is equivalent to one-eighth of the Chang’e-3 landing area, and there are mountains 10 kilometers above sea level around the landing area. The Von Carmen impact crater in the Aitken Basin is minus 6 kilometers above sea level, so unlike the smooth parabolic landing trajectory of Chang’e-3, Chang’e-4 is approaching a vertical landing.
“The landing time is short, difficult and high risk is a great test for us.” Wu Weiren said.
Aerospace Science and Technology CorporationKomiks 1960 witch cloth drawFifth Academy Chang’e 4 probe chief designer Sun Zezhou said: “Our information on the lunar terrain mainly comes from previous remote sensing data around the moon, including Chang’e 1Babaylan 1990 clothes The remote sensing data of draw, Chang’e-2 and some foreign satellites. However, these data cannot provide us with sufficient accuracy of terrain information. We cannot know where there are big rocks. It is more of the overall macro information and statistical probability. In the end, the landing still depends on the probe to independently identify obstacles and avoid obstacles. “
Zhang Ying, project director of the Chang’e-4 probe of the Fifth Academy, said that Chang’e-4 took into account how to improve the accuracy of the landing in the system design, added orbital corrections during the lunar cycle, and adjusted the power decline control strategy. The detector must reach above the landing area when it is relatively high from the lunar surface and then descend vertically, so that the complex and rugged terrain on the track will not have an impact on the landing.
3
What is the significance of exploring the back of the moon?
Glance to the origin of the universe after the Big Bang
“Going to the moon is much more risky than going to the front. The rugged terrain brings us problems that we must face, but a higher precision landing on the moon is needed in the future. Solving the challenges facing this mission can lay the foundation for subsequent deep space exploration and asteroid exploration. We hope to have the ability to reach the entire moon and even the entire solar system in the future.” Sun Zezhou said.
Zou Yongliao, director of the General Department of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the back of the moon has unique properties. Chang’e-4 landed on a virgin land that had never been explored on the spot, and perhaps important discoveries could be made.
For astronomers, the back of the moon is a rare place of tranquility, because the moon itself blocks various radio interference signals from the earth, where it may see how the universe escapes from the darkness and lights up the first generation of stars after the Big Bang.
4
Why did it land at the Von Carmen crater?
The pits here are still “mysteries”.Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw
Due to tidal locking, the moon orbits the earth and the cycle of rotation is the same, and the “view” of the moon seen from the earth is always the same. In the age without space probes, the moonCinema 1950 witch cloth drawThe back of the mysterious unknown world has always been.
It was not until about 60 years ago that the Soviet Union’s Moon 3 probe sent back the first Cinema 1950 witch cloth Draw Images on the back of the moon. About 50 years ago, three astronauts from the United States, Apollo 8, became the first human to witness the back of the moon while flying around the moon.
More and more probes surrounding the moon made people discover that the back of the moon is so different from the front: the front is relatively flat, while the back is rugged and bumpy impact craters are everywhere; the lunar crust on the back of the moon is much thicker than the front. Why is this happening? It is still a mystery, and only landing detection can reveal this mystery.
There is another detection of the von Carmen impact crater. Layer meaning, it is named after the Hungarian-American aerospace engineer Von Karmen in the 20th century. Qian Xuesen and Guo Yonghuai, the founders of China’s aerospace industry, are both personal disciples of the “science genius of the aerospace era”.
5
What surprises will this exploration bring?
To prepare for humans to return to the moon
55 years after the first time humans landed on the moon. Can humans return to the moon? How much impact will the radiation on the moon have on the moon? How much water is there on the moon? How does the water on the moon come from? Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawChinese and foreign scientists will find answers through Chang’e-4 to prepare for human return to the moon.
Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawProject chief of the Institute of Physical Experimental and Applications at Kiel University in Germany, said: “When astronauts return to Earth, the radiation caused by the moon remains in their bodies. This is a constant danger, so we must understand these radiations. ”
”The experiences of the moon’s childhood have also happened on the earth. But due to geological activities, traces of the earth’s early years have been erased. If you want to understand the long past of Earth, the moon may give us the answer. “Lin Yangting, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.
6
What scientific research tasks are there?
Measure the “body temperature” for the moon “planting flowers”
The Chang’e-4 mission carries the ChineseBabaylan 1990 cloth draw The low-frequency radio detector developed by scientists in China and the Netherlands. “To conduct low-frequency radio astronomical observations on the back of the moon is a dream for astronomers, and it can fill the gap in the low-frequency observation segment in the field of radio astronomy. “Zou Yongliao said.
Chang’e-4 also brought six organisms, cotton, rapeseed, potatoes, Arabidopsis, yeast and fruit flies, to the inanimate moon, forming a microbiosphere. People expect the first flower to bloom on the moon.
How cold is the moon’s night? Chinese scientists have no exact data. Chang’e-4’s mission also includes measuring the “body temperature” of the moon.
The General Director of the Chang’e-4 Parachute of the Fifth Academy’s Chang’e-4 Parachute DrawProjector Shin Zhenrong said that going to the back of the moon is China’s contribution to the world. “Although we don’t know what we can detect in the end, this detection may affect generations. ”
7
What international cooperation projects are there?
carrying scientific loads from four countries
In order to enhance international exchanges and cooperation and expand open sharing, Chang’e-4 not only carries China’s experimental projects, but also scientific payloads from the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Saudi Arabia.
Korel, director of the Department of Solar Systems Science of the Swedish Space Administration, said that the first soft landing on the back of the moon was a great achievement of China, and “we are very happy to be part of this mission.” He said: “There is a theory that the water on the moon is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the weathered layer on the surface of the moon, which is a question that Swedish and Chinese scientists want to answer through exploration. ”
The Chang’e-4 probe is also equipped with a lunar neutron and radiation dose detector developed by Kiel University in Germany. The total weight of the instrument is about 3 kg and can comprehensively measure the radiation environment of neutrons and other particles on the surface of the moon.
The Chang’e-4 German scientific payload project team and professor at Kiel University, said Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw: “China is cooperating with many international partners, and it is becoming more and more cooperation.” I don’t agree with the practice of refusing to cooperate because of fear of technology outflow. In my opinion, technology will only die out because of refusal to share. ”