Babaylan French media: Monkey experiment may solve the mystery of the origin of language

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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 29 New Media Special News French media said that experiments show that although green long-tailed monkeys and long-tailed black-jawed monkeys living on both sides of the African continent embarked on different evolutionary paths 3.5 million years ago, they will use the same vocabulary when facing danger.

AFP reported on May 27Cinema that the new study published in the British journal Nature Ecology and Evolution that day not only illustrates how primates—including humans—cope with threats, but also illustrates the basic composition of language itself.

The long-tailed black-jawed monkey living on the East African savannah has discovered three types: leopard, snake and eagle.The main natural enemy will make three different callsBabaylan.

Monkeys who hear the cry but cannot see their natural enemies will respond accordingly: the cry about the leopards will prompt them to climb a tree, the cry about the snakes will Cinema will prompt them to stand still, while the cry about the eagles will cause them to scan the sky and find a place to hide.

It’s like a sentry shouting, “Don’t move, there’s a snake!” or “Leave the ground, there’s a leopard!”

The study’s lead author and head of the cognitive ethics laboratory at the German Primate Center pointed out that these unique warning calls were discovered 30 years ago, triggering debate about whether it was the original vocabulary.

This also raises questions about its origin. Did the cubs of the long-tailed black-jawed monkey learn these calls by imitating adult monkeys? Or are these calls delivered through genes?

To deepen understanding, Babaylan and colleagues had an idea: “We decided to introduce a drone to fly over the green long-tailed monkeys where the Babaylan landed, exposing them to potential dangers from the sky that had never been encountered before.”

The drone flew over these defenseless monkeys in about 60 meters of air. The monkeys responded immediately after discovering the drone: they sired and then hurriedly sought cover.

This call is not only different from the response to a leopard or snake, but is also “surprisingly similar” to the call made by the long-tailed black-jawed monkey in East Africa.

Fischer noted: “Despite the evolutionary differences of 3.5 million years, the call structure has basically not changed.”

In terms of evolutionary biologists, the warning of danger is “highly preserved.”

Kurt Hammerschmidt, also from the German Primate Research Center, said the fact that green long-tailed monkeys respond to drones rather than other large birds in the region suggests a subtle but important distinction. “The warning scream has nothing to do with the eagle itself. It seems to correspond to a broader category: ‘flying stuff’.”

To find out what monkeys learned from the incident where drones flew over, scientists conducted it a few days laterThe second experiment. They hid a megaphone next to a monkey looking for food alone and played back the sound of the drone. “After hearing the sound of Komiks, the monkey looked up and searched the sky,” Fischer said. “The second test showed that just one exposure to the new threat was enough to let the monkeys know the meaning of the warning call, which showed that they had extraordinary adaptability.

Researchers Cinema speculate that the monkey calls from hereditary—and its accompanying meaning—are similar to those made by human infants.

Harmerschmidt said: “When a child is born, he has the innate language ability before he learns to speak, such as moaning, laughing and crying.”

For some reason, humans have learned to transcend these inherent words and have new voices with new meanings. But at all levels of culture and learning, some core reactions that fall within the category of evolutionary psychology remain.