The research team of the source exploration project believes that around 5,800 years ago, there were signs of civilization origin in areas such as the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Xiliao River. On the morning of the 28th, the State Information Office held a press conference to announce the research results of the “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project”. The source exploration research has empirized the 5,000-year-old civilization of the land of China through large-scale archaeological research conducted on many sites and rich archaeological data.
In 2001, the archaeological evidence was formally proposed to 5,000 years of civilization
The “Comprehensive Research on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization” project, referred to as the “Chinese Civilization Origin Exploration Project”, was officially proposed in 2001. During this period, large-scale archaeological excavations were carried out on many sites such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi, and emptied the 5,000 years of civilization in China with rich archaeological data.
Guan Qiang, Deputy Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: The research team of the Exploration Project believes that around 5,800 years ago, the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Xiliao River showed signs of civilization origin; since 5,300 years ago, various regions in the land of China have gradually entered the stage of civilization; around 3,800 years ago, the Central Plains region has formed a more mature form of civilization, and radiated cultural influence to all directions, becoming the core and leader of the overall process of Chinese civilization.
The formation of a diversified and integrated pattern and achieve overall understanding
Another major achievement achieved by the Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project Komiks is a general understanding of the formation of the diversified and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization and has demonstrated the overall characteristics of “diversity, inclusiveness, and continuousness”.
Guan Qiang: Research shows that the local societies behind the diverse cultural phenomenon, in their respective environmental foundations, economic content, social operation mechanisms, and religious and social consciousness in their respective environmental foundations, economic content, social operation mechanisms, and religious and social consciousness in their respective environmental foundations, economic content, social operation mechanisms, and religious and social consciousness in their respective environmental foundations, economic content, social operation mechanisms, as well as religious and social consciousness. There are also various differences in Komiks and other aspects, presenting a diverse pattern, and promoting each other, learning from each other’s strengths and weaknesses, and inclusiveness in long-term communication and interaction. Finally, it integrates and condenses the core of civilization represented by Erlitou culture, opening up the three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.nema号. The origin and early development of Chinese civilization are a process of diversity and integration.
Chinese civilization itself develops and widely absorbs foreign civilizations
In terms of the influence of foreign civilizations, the research on the source believes that Chinese civilization has widely absorbed the influence of foreign civilizations in its own development. For example, wheat cultivation technology originated from West Asia, Central Asia and other regions, the breeding of domestic animals such as scalpers and sheep, and bronze smelting technology have gradually been integrated into Chinese civilization and transformed to create a new look.
Looking at the beginning of China and writing a “family genealogy” for five thousand years
The “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project” is another major scientific research project supported by the state to combine multidisciplinary research on Chinese history and ancient culture after the “Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project”. Since its formal proposal in 2001, four stages of research have been implemented, and the “China” before China has gradually become clear.
Focus on urban ruins. At that time, early countries had already begun to explore the source research, focusing on several urban ruins such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi.
A inner city built about 5,000 years ago, 1,800 meters long, 1,500 meters wide, nearly 3 million square meters, and an outer city with an area of 8 million square meters were discovered at the Liangzhu site in Zhejiang Province. In order to prevent flooding, large dams were built with a length of 3.5 kilometers, a width of more than ten meters and a height of several meters. Its engineering volume is second to none among the buildings of the same period in the world.
The Taosi site in Shanxi was also discovered and built 4,300 years agoThe giant city site in front, the 2.8 million square meters of city already has strict functional partitions such as palace areas, handicraft workshop areas, general residential areas and burial areas.
The total area of the ancient city of Shimao, Shaanxi Province is 4 million square meters. It is composed of an imperial city, an inner city and an outer city. The ancient city is built with stones on the hills. The walls of the imperial city are as high as 9 meters high, and the gates of the outer city are built with majestic and tall castles.
One of the heads of the comprehensive research project for the origin and early development of Chinese civilization Wang Wei: Early civilizations have begun to appear in all regions, and its mark is the emergence of royal power, large city sites, high-level buildings, so-called palaces, and high-level tombs. These points are an important symbol for judging civilization. In the end, the emergence of the country will have some material manifestations, such as large city sites and large projects.
Looking at the beginning of China The ancient country has exceeded a thousand years
Discovering the origin research has found that Chinese civilization is actually a huge clump of many local civilizations scattered in the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Xiliao River Basin, and is far more than several other ancient civilizations in the world. From about 5,800 years ago, prehistoric society in the Yellow River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin and the Xiliao River area began to accelerate its development towards complexity.
From the origin of Chinese civilization to about 3,800 years ago, for more than a thousand years, there are many statements about “all nations in the world” in literature and legends. Research on origins calls this stage the “Ancient Kingdom Era” and believes that it is the first major stage of the early development of Chinese civilization.
Diverence and Integration: Laying the foundation of the three dynasties and becoming a historical trend
In the past thousand years, local civilizations have their own evolutionary methods and characteristics, rising and falling one after another, and they also communicate and compete with each other and gain.The strengths and weaknesses gradually showed the trend of “integration”, converging into a torrent of Chinese civilization. In the late ancient times, the Central Plains region represented by Erlitou, Henan, absorbed a large number of foreign advanced cultural factors, and at the same time began to radiate its powerful influence to the outside world, presenting an unprecedented dynasty atmosphere.
This process is called “the diversity and integration of Chinese civilization” in the research on the source. As a historical trend, it laid the foundation for the “three-generation civilizations of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties” in the future, and also became the distant cause and source of the formation of multi-ethnic countries.
Wang Wei: We are all familiar with the 5,000-year-old Chinese civilization, but in fact, how much historical basis is there, whether it is true or mythical legend, is a very important issue for the Chinese nation. Our research has confirmed the civilizations over 5,000 years ago through archaeological discoveries and multidisciplinary combinations, which is also an important contribution to the research of world civilization.
Lingjiatan Ruins A “minimation” of the diverse and integrated civilization
Among the many sites that explore the origin and study, the Lingjiatan Ruins in Anhui were relatively early in the era. More than 5,000 years ago, Chinese civilization underwent major changes. Lingjiatan is located at one of the earliest nodes. Its jade manufacturing process reached its peak at the time. A wide trench more than 2,000 meters long divided the living area and the tomb area, reflecting the “planning wisdom” of the ancestors.
The Lingjiatan ruins are located in Lingjiatan Natural Village, Tongzha Town, Hanshan County, Anhui Province. Since the excavation in 1987, a large number of exquisite jade, stone, pottery and other cultural relics have been unearthed, among which the jade is particularly prominent: a jade dragon unearthed is basically similar to the jade dragon after the Han Dynasty; 6 jade men, with serious facial expressions and solemnly raised handsCinema comes, as if praying; so far, a jade eagle unearthed from the site is also the only one in the country, carved on both sides, with both sides completely Komiks has a very superb production process; these jade artifacts express the worship of gods, witches and totems of ancient ancestors.
As of now, more than 30 jade axes in the shape of an axe have been discovered. The tombs of jade and stone axes are often relatively large, and the location is very special. They are located on the chest or face of the human body. Experts say that axes are usually related to military power or royal power.
Lingjiatanzi Project Comprehensive Research Project on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese CivilizationCinema Project Leader Shuozhi: The craftsmanship of Lingjiatan jade tools has reached the highest peak at that time, and may be in the innovative period of the development of Chinese jade culture, so it has a lot of quantity and variety, unlike LiangzhuCinemaThe jade cong and wall are exactly the same. The emergence of this highest peak is not for no reason, and there will definitely be huge changes in social organization.
Archaeologists believe that making jade with superb craftsmanship requires a group of specialized jade workers who are separated from or semi-departed from agricultural labor, similar to handicrafts that are separated from agriculture, reflecting the major changes in society at that time. In recent years, archaeologists have in-depth excavation and research on the 1.4 million square meters of Lingjiatan site, a trench more than 2,000 meters long is gradually present in front of today’s people, reflecting the “planning wisdom” that the ancestors of Lingjiatan had more than 5,300 years ago.
Shuozhi: It is twenty or thirty meters wide, and the deepest place can reach six or seven meters. Cinema is such a big project that requires considerable organizational ability to coordinate. It also has a more important role. The aristocratic cemetery is outside the trench. The inside of this trench was where people lived at that time. It separated the living area of people at that time from the tomb.
Archaeologists introduced that the heyday of Lingjiatan site was between 5,500 and 5,300 years ago. Before that, it was noted that it was not.omiks are inconspicuous and are small settlements with more than 20 sites currently known around. After that, these settlements gradually disappeared or declined, and the relatively centrally located Lingjiatan eventually evolved into the largest and most developed regional center in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at that time.
Shuozhi: It’s a bit like urbanization, everyone is gathered in a large center. In view of this change in a small area, it is a process from dispersion to concentration, from diversity to integration. This seems to be the same in the formation of our entire Chinese civilization.
Source｜CCTV News
Editor｜Fan Meiling